ABSTRACT
Objectives
The evolution of neuromodulation devices in order to enter magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI) scanners has been one of understanding limitations, engineering modifications,
and the development of a consensus within the community in which the FDA could safely
administer labeling for the devices. In the initial decades of neuromodulation, it
has been contraindicated for MRI use with implanted devices. In this review, we take
a comprehensive approach to address all the major products currently on the market
in order to provide physicians with the ability to determine when an MRI can be performed
for each type of device implant.
Materials and Methods
We have prepared a narrative review of MRI guidelines for currently marketed implanted
neuromodulation devices including spinal cord stimulators, intrathecal drug delivery
systems, peripheral nerve stimulators, deep brain stimulators, vagal nerve stimulators,
and sacral nerve stimulators. Data sources included relevant literature identified
through searches of PubMed, MEDLINE/OVID, SCOPUS, and manual searches of the bibliographies
of known primary and review articles, as well as manufacturer-provided information.
Results
Guidelines and recommendations for each device and their respective guidelines for
use in and around MR environments are presented.
Conclusions
This is the first comprehensive guideline with regards to various devices in the market
and MRI compatibility from the American Society of Pain and Neuroscience.
Keywords:
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COMMENTS
Article info
Publication history
Accepted:
June 16,
2020
Received in revised form:
June 6,
2020
Received:
April 25,
2020
Footnotes
For more information on author guidelines, an explanation of our peer review process, and conflict of interest informed consent policies, please go to http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/Section/id-301854.html
Source(s) of financial support: This project was created and completed by the American Society of Pain and Neuroscience (ASPN) with no outside corporate funding.
Identification
Copyright
© 2020 International Neuromodulation Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
