Objectively detecting and grading pain, particularly chronic pain, has remained an
elusive goal This is in part due to its subjective and multivariate nature, and the
inherent limitations in measuring and understanding pain experience at the individual
level Currently, patient self reported scales of pain intensity (VAS/NRS/ serve as
gold standard measures in pain management, despite known inaccuracies and bias of
reporting in these measures Novel objective metrics are needed to better capture patient
experience, avoid bias, and improve repeatability in order to inform physicians and
patients of treatment options These metrics need to describe physiology, capture the
range of changes during treatment, and ideally be suited to predicting future changes
so that interventions can be taken
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© 2022 Published by Elsevier Inc.
